OCEAN CDIAC's Ocean CO2 Data Program
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Dataset_ID: WOCE_A20
Investigator(s) Name: Wallace, Douglas
Organization: Forschungsbereich Marine Biogeochemie
Address: Institut fur Meereskunde,an der Universitat Kiel,Dusternbrooker Weg 20,D-24105 Kiel,GERMANY
Phone: +49-431-600-4200
Email: dwallace@ifm.uni-kiel.de

Name: Millero, Frank J.
Organization: RSMAS/MAC
Address: University of Miami,4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,Miami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4707
Email: fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu

Name: Takahashi, Taro
Organization: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Address: Columbia University,61 Rte. 9W,210 Geoscience Building,Palisades, NY 10964 USA
Phone: (845) 365-8537
Email: taka@ldeo.columbia.edu

Name: Johnson, Kenneth
Organization: BNL (retired)
Address:
Phone:
Email: johnson_k37@hotmail.com
Dataset Info:Dataset ID:WOCE_A20
Submission Dates: Initial Submission: 20040611
Revised Submission: 20040611
Cruise Info:
  • Experiment:
    1. Experiment Name: WOCE
Cruise:
  • Cruise ID: 316N151_3
  • Section: WOCE_A20
  • Geographical Coverage:
    1. Geographical Region: Atlantic Ocean
Bounds:
NorthWestSouthEast
43.8-545-50


Temporal Coverage: Start Date: 19970717 End Date: 19970810
Vessel:Vessel Name:R/V Knorr
Vessel ID:316N
Country:U.S.A.
Vessel Owner:Office of Naval Research
Data Center URL: http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/
Download Data Sets: Descrete measurements from WOCE A20 Section

Variable Info: downup
Variable NameDescription of Variable
CTD PressureDBAR
CTD Temperaturedegree C
CTD Salinity
Bottle Salinity
CTD OxygenUMOL/KG
Bottle OxygenUMOL/KG
SilicateUMOL/KG
NitrateUMOL/KG
NitriteUMOL/KG
PhosphateUMOL/KG
CFC-11PMOL/KG
CFC-12PMOL/KG
DELC14/MILLE
TCO2UMOL/KG
pCO2UATM
TALKUMOL/KG
pH
Method Description:
  • Total C02 Data:
    1. TCO2 Analysis Method: As on previous cruises, TCO2 was determined using automated dynamic headspace sample processors (SOMMA) with coulometric detection of the CO2 extracted from acidified samples. A description of the SOMMA-Coulometry System and its calibration can be found in Johnson et al. (1987), Johnson and Wallace (1992), and Johnson et al. (1993).
    2. Standardization Technique:
      1. Technique Description:
      2. Sample Volume: 300 mL
      3. CRM Info:
        1. Correction Magnitude:
        2. Batch Number: 333637
        3. CRM Analysis Info: As per standard operating procedure (DOE 1994), CRM was routinely analyzed according to DOE (1994) guidelines. The CRM was supplied by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the SIO, and for the North Atlantic cruises, batches 33, 36, and 37 were used. The certified values for these batches were TCO2 = 2009.85 umol/kg @ salinity = 33.781 for batch 33; TCO2 = 2050.21 umol/kg @ salinity = 35.368 for batch 36; and TCO2 = 2044.15 umol/kg @ salinity = 34.983 for batch 37. The CRM TCO2 concentration was determined by vacuum-extraction/manometry in the laboratory of C. D. Keeling at SIO.
    3. Field Replicate Info: There was enough sample to complete both measurements, but not enough time or sample for TCO2 replicate analyses from the same 500-mL sample bottle. The 4-L sampling bottles also made it impossible to draw duplicate samples from the same sampling bottle.
    4. Poisoning Info: For sections A24, A20, A22, single or duplicate samples were collected in 300-mL biological oxygen demand (BOD) bottles, poisoned with 100 L of a 50% solution of HgCl2, and analyzed for TCO2 within 24 hours of collection, according to standard operating procedures (DOE 1994) 100 uL
      1. Poisoning Correction Description: For sections A24, A20, A22, single or duplicate samples were collected in 300-mL biological oxygen demand (BOD) bottles, poisoned with 100 L of a 50% solution of HgCl2, and analyzed for TCO2 within 24 hours of collection, according to standard operating procedures (DOE 1994)
      2. Poison Volume: 100 uL
    5. Accuracy Info: Tables 4 and 5 show an internally consistent data set of high quality with excellent accuracy (< or = 2.0 umol/kg), high single-system precision (< or = 1.0 umol/kg), and a slightly higher imprecision for the sample precisions (1.59 - 1.92 umol/kg). Based on these data, the TCO2 data clearly meet survey criteria for accuracy (< or = 4.0 umol/kg) and precision, and as with previous data submissions, no correction for instrumental bias or CRM analytical differences has been applied to the TCO2 data.
    6. Method References: Huffman, E. W. D., Jr. 1977. Performance of a new automatic carbon dioxide coulometer. Microchemical Journal 22:567-73.Johnson, K. M., A. E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1985. Coulometric TCO2 analyses for marine studies: An introduction. Marine Chemistry 16:61-82.Johnson, K. M., P. J. Williams, and L. Brandstroem, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1987. Coulometric TCO2 analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117-33.Johnson, K. M., and D. W. R. Wallace. 1992. The Single-operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer for Total Carbon Dioxide with Coulometric Detection. DOE Research Summary No. 19. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.Johnson, K. M., K. D. Wills, D. B. Butler, W. K. Johnson, and C. S. Wong. 1993. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction system and coulometric detector. Marine Chemistry 44:167-87.Johnson, K. M., D. W. R. Wallace, R. J. Wilke, and C. Goyet. 1995. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Meteor Cruise 15/3 in the South Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A9, February-March 1991). ORNL/CDIAC-82, NDP-051. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.Johnson, K. M., B. Schneider, L. Mintrop, and D. W. R. Wallace. 1996. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Meteor cruise 18/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A1E, September 1991). NDP-056. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.Johnson, K. M., B. Schneider, L. Mintrop, and D. W. R. Wallace. 1998a. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Meteor Cruise 22/5 in the South Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A10, December 1992-January 1993). ORNL/CDIAC-113, NDP-066. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 49 pp.Millero, F. J., and A. Poisson. 1981. International one-atmosphere equation of state for seawater. Deep-Sea Research 28:625-29.
    7. Citations:
  • Alkalinity:
    1. Curve Fitting Method: TALK and pH were measured using an automated potentiometric titration system developed at the University of Miami (hereafter designated as MATS). MATS is described by Millero et al. (1993a).
    2. Type of Titration:
    3. Description of Other Titration:
    4. Cell Type: Closed
    5. CRM cale: Millero
    6. Sample Volume: 500 mL
    7. Magnitude of Blank Correction:
    8. Accuracy Info: Duplicate samples were usually taken for each station in the same manner as for TCO2 (surface and deep) and analyzed to determine and monitor the precision of the MATS. The average difference between replicates was 1.0, 1.1, and 1.1 umol/kg for sections A24, A20, and A22, respectively, which demonstrated the high precision of the MATS throughout the study. A preliminary description of the major trends in the data and the behavior of alkalinity over time in the North Atlantic is given by Millero et al. (1999).
    9. Method References: Millero, F. J., J. Z. Zhang, S. Fiol, S. Sotolongo, R. Roy, K. Lee, and S. Mane. 1993a. The use of buffers to measure the pH of seawater. Marine Chemistry 44:143-152.Taylor, J. K. and S. W. Smith. 1959. Precise coulometric titration of acids and bases. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 63A:153-9.Bradshaw, A. L. and P. G. Brewer. 1988. High-precision measurements of alkalinity and total carbon dioxide in seawater by potentiometric titration: 1. Presence of unknown protolyte (s). Marine Chemistry 28:69-86.Marinenko, G. and J. K. Taylor. 1968. Electrochemical equivalents of benzoic and oxalic acid. Analytical Chemistry 40:1645-51. Clayton, T. and R. H. Byrne. 1993. Calibration of m-cresol purple on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale and its application to CO2-system characteristics in seawater. Deep-Sea Research 40:2115-129.Millero, F. J., F. Huang, M. Galanter, J. Goen, C. Sabine, C. Thomas, and R. Rotter. 1999. The Total Alkalinity of North Atlantic Waters. University of Miami Technical Report, No. RSMAS-99-002. University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
    10. Citations:
  • pCO2 Data:
    1. Analysis:
      1. pCO2 Analysis Method:
      2. Sample Volume:
      3. Headspace_Volume:
      4. Measurement_Temperature:
      5. Temperature Normalization:
      6. Temperature Correction Method:
      7. Variable Reported:
      8. Gas:
      9. Standard Gas Concentrations:
      10. Frequency of Standardization:
    2. Field Replicate Info:
    3. Storage Method:
    4. Accuracy Info:
    5. Method References:
  • pH Data:
    1. pH Scale:
    2. pH Analysis Method:
    3. Calibration Info:
      1. Calibration Description:
      2. In Situ Temperature:
      3. Temperature of Analysis:
      4. Temperature Normalization:
      5. In Situ Pressure:
    4. Accuracy Info:
    5. Method References:
Method References:
Data Set References:
Citation: Johnson K., R. Key, F. Millero, C. Sabine, D. Wallace, C. Winn, L. Arlen, K. Erickson, K. Friis, M. Galanter, J. Goen, R. Rotter, C. Thomas, R. Wilke, T. Takahashi, and S. Sutherland. 2003. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Knorr Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean on WOCE Sections AR24 (November 2 - December 5, 1996) and A24, A20, and A22 (May 30 - September 3, 1997), A. Kozyr (ed.) ORNL/CDIAC-143, NDP-082. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/otg.ndp082
Measurement Type: discrete measurement discrete data discrete measurements bottle measurement bottle data bottle measurements
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