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Dataset_ID: CLIVAR_P16N_2006
Investigator(s) Name: Sabine, Christopher
Organization: NOAA/PMEL
Address: 7600 Sandpoint Way NESeattle, WA 98115
Phone: (206) 526-4809
Email: chris.sabine@noaa.gov

Name: Feely, Richard A.
Organization: NOAA/PMEL
Address: 7600 Sand Point Way NESeattle, WA 98115
Phone: (206) 526-6214
Email: Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov

Name: Millero, Frank J.
Organization: RSMAS/MAC, University of Miami
Address: 4600 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4707
Email: fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu

Name: Wanninkhof, Rik
Organization: NOAA/AOML
Address: 4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4379
Email: Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov

Name: Hansell, Dennis
Organization: Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry
Address: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami4600 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149
Phone: 1-305-421-4078
Email: dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu
Dataset Info:Dataset ID:CLIVAR_P16N_2006
Submission Dates: Initial Submission: 20060802
Revised Submission: 20060828
Cruise Info:
  • Experiment:
    1. Experiment Name: CLIVAR/CO2 REPEAT HYDROGRAPHY
Cruise:
  • Cruise ID: 325020060213
  • Section: CLIVAR_P16N_2006
  • Geographical Coverage:
    1. Geographical Region: Pacific Ocean
Bounds:
NorthWestSouthEast
57-155-18-149


Temporal Coverage: Start Date: 20060213 End Date: 20060330
Vessel:Vessel Name:R/V Thomas Thompson
Vessel ID:3250
Country:USA
Vessel Owner:School of Oceanography, University of Washington
Data Center URL: http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/
Download Data Sets: CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Section P16N_2006

Variable Info: downup
Variable NameDescription of Variable
Temperaturedeg. C
Salinity
Oxygenumol/kg
Nitrateumol/kg
Nitriteumol/kg
Silicateumol/kg
Phosphateumol/kg
CFC11, CFC12pmol/kg
TCO2umol/kg
TALKumol/kg
pCO2uatm
pH
DOCumol/kg
Method Description:
  • Total C02 Data:
    1. TCO2 Analysis Method: The TCO2 analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (PMEL-1 and PMEL-2) used simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer (UIC, Inc.) coupled with a SOMMA.
    2. Standardization Technique:
      1. Technique Description: The coulometers were each calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops. The instruments were calibrated at the beginning and end of each station with a set of the gas loop injections.
      2. Sample Volume: 300 mL
      3. CRM Info:
        1. Correction Magnitude:
        2. Batch Number: 73
        3. CRM Analysis Info: Secondary standards were run throughout the cruise on each analytical system. These Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) are poisoned, filtered, and UV irradiated seawater supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). DIC data reported to the database have been recalculated using the bottle salinities, and corrected to the Batch 73 CRM value on a per instrument and per leg basis.
    3. Field Replicate Info: Over 200 replicate samples were analyzed with a precision of 1.05 umol/kg.
    4. Poisoning Info: Samples were corrected for the addition of poison by a factor of 1.00066 0.2 mL of 50% saturated solution
      1. Poisoning Correction Description: Samples were corrected for the addition of poison by a factor of 1.00066
      2. Poison Volume: 0.2 mL of 50% saturated solution
    5. Accuracy Info: The overall accuracy and precision for the CRM's on system 1 was -0.36 +/- 0.95 (N=83)The overall accuracy and precision for the CRM's on system 2 was -5.10 +/- 0.91 (N=87)
    6. Method References: Johnson et al., 1985,1987,1993; Johnson, 1992 DOE, 1994 Wilke, 1993
    7. Citations:
  • Alkalinity:
    1. Curve Fitting Method: The fitting is performed using the STEPIT routine (J.P. Chandler, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074). The STEPIT software package minimizes the sum of squares of residuals by adjusting the parameters E*, TA, TCO2 and pK1.
    2. Type of Titration:
    3. Description of Other Titration:
    4. Cell Type: 2 TA systems consisting of ~ 200 mL plexiglass water jacketed closed cell
    5. CRM cale: Dickson, Batch 73 TA= 2253.50 +/- 0.84 umol/kg
    6. Sample Volume: 500 mL
    7. Magnitude of Blank Correction:
    8. Accuracy Info: 1) TA(meas)- TA (crm)= -1.17 +/- 4.34 umol/kg with n=125 2) TA(sys1) - TA(sys2) = 1.76 +/- 1.30 umol/kg with n=61 3) delta TA(same sys) = 0.78 +/- 0.68 umol/kg with n=124
    9. Method References: Dickson, A. G. 1981. An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers 28: 609.[doi:10.1016/0198-0149(81)90121-7]
      Johansson, O., and M. Wedborg. 1982. On the evaluation of potentiometric titrations of seawater with hydrochloric acid. Oceanol. Acta 5: 209-218
      Millero, F. J., J.-Z. Zhang, K. Lee, and D. M. Campbell. 1993. Titration alkalinity of seawater. Marine Chemistry 44: 153.[doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93)90200-8]
    10. Citations:
  • pCO2 Data:
    1. Analysis:
      1. pCO2 Analysis Method: The discrete pCO2 system is patterned after the instrument described in Chipman et al. (1993) and is discussed in detail in Wanninkhof and Thoning (1993) and Chen et al. (1995). The major difference between the two systems is that Wanninkhof instrument uses a LI-COR© (model 6262) non-dispersive infrared analyzer, while the Chipman instrument utilizes a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector.
      2. Sample Volume: 500 mL
      3. Headspace_Volume: 70 mL
      4. Measurement_Temperature: 20C
      5. Temperature Normalization: 20C
      6. Temperature Correction Method: See Peng et al., 1987
      7. Variable Reported: pCO2@20C
      8. Gas:
      9. Standard Gas Concentrations: CA5998 205.1 ppm CA5989 378.7 ppm CA5988 593.6 ppm CA5980 792.5 ppm CA5984 1037.0 ppm CA5940 1533.7 ppm
      10. Frequency of Standardization: In order to maintain analytical accuracy, a set of six gas standards is run through the analyzer before and after every ten seawater samples.
    2. Field Replicate Info: Generally when samples were taken, flasks were drawn on all the Niskins including four duplicates. Two of the duplicates were analyzed at different temperatures
    3. Storage Method: Samples were drawn from Niskin bottles into 500 ml volumetric flasks using Tygon© tubing with a Silicone adapter that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOM samples. Bottles were rinsed while inverted and filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. About 5 ml of water was withdrawn to allow for expansion of the water as it warms and to provide space for the stopper, tubing, and frit of the analytical system. Saturated mercuric chloride solution (0.2 ml) was added as a preservative. The sample bottles were sealed with a screw cap containing a polyethylene liner. The samples were stored in coolers at room temperature generally for no more than 5 hours.
    4. Accuracy Info: Three types of duplicates were taken. The average difference: [ABS(sample 1-sample2)/(sample 1+sample 2) * 100], std. dev. and number for the three types are listed below:Duplicates run at 20 C: av. dif. =0.3 +/- 0.23% n = 33 (one value omitted)Duplicates run at 12 C: av. dif. = 0.3 +/- 0.18 % n= 23 (one value omitted)Duplicates run at 12 C and 20 C* av. dif = 0.7 +/- 0.75 % n= 59 (two values omitted)The omitted values were because of a problem in analysis in one of the duplicates*The duplicates run at different temperatures were normalized to 20 C and compared. Normalization was performed using the constants and procedures as outlined in Peng et al. 1987 as incorporated in the GW BASIC data reduction program. Of note is that using the constants as refit by Dickson and Millero and the salinity dependence of borate as proposed by Dickson gave an average difference of 1%, that is, these constants yielded worse agreement in temperature normalization.
    5. Method References: Wanninkhof, R., and Thoning, K., 1993, Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods: Mar. Chem., v. 44, no. 2-4, p. 189-205.

      Chen, H., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., and Greeley, D., 1995, Measurement of fugacity of carbon dioxide in sub-surface water: an evaluation of a method based on infrared analysis, NOAA technical report ERL AOML-85, 52 pp: NOAA/AOML, ERL AOML-85.

      Peng, T.-H., Takahashi, T., Broecker, W. S., and Olafsson, J., 1987, Seasonal variability of carbon dioxide, nutrients and oxygen in the northern North Atlantic surface water: observations and a model: Tellus, v. 39B, p. 439-458.

  • pH Data:
    1. pH Scale: total scale at 25C
    2. pH Analysis Method: Two different groups - University of Miami (UM) and University of South Florida (USF) - measured pH using slightly different spectrophotometric techniques on P16N leg 1. Only the USF group measured pH on P16N leg 2. The pH measurements from both groups are reported on the total scale at 25°C.Note: In the master data file p16n_2006a_hy.csv at CDIAC and CCHDO, the pH measurements from UM group reported for leg 1 (stations 1 - 43) and from USF for leg 2 (stations 44 - 84). The separate file p16n_2006a_all_ph.csv with all pH measurements from both groups is posted at CDIAC at: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/CLIVAR/P16N_2006.data/ The pH measurements of seawater were made using the spectrophotometric techniques of Clayton and Byrne (1993). The pH of the samples using the m-cresol purple (mCP).
    3. Calibration Info:
      1. Calibration Description: the instrument was calibrated using TRIS (Ramette et al., 1977) and CRM 73 which pH value was measured in the lab prior to going at sea.
      2. In Situ Temperature: NA
      3. Temperature of Analysis: 25C
      4. Temperature Normalization: 25C
      5. In Situ Pressure: NA
    4. Accuracy Info: pH(CRM 73) = 7.8417 +/- 0.0020 pH(TRIS) = 8.0525 +/- 0.0033 with n=32
    5. Method References: Byrne, 1987, Clayton and Byrne (1993), Ramette et al., 1977
Method References:
Data Set References:
Citation: Feely R. A., C. L. Sabine, F. J. Millero, C. Langdon, A. G. Dickson , R. A. Fine, J. L. Bullister, D.A. Hansell, C. A. Carlson, A. P. McNichol, R. M. Key, R. H. Byrne, and R. Wanninkhof. 2008. Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/Vs Roger Revelle and Thomas G. Thompson Repeat Hydrography Cruises in the Pacific Ocean: CLIVAR CO2 Sections P16S_2005 (6 January - 19 February 2005) and P16N_2006 (13 February - 30 March, 2006). Ed. A. Kozyr. ORNL/CDIAC-155, NDP-090. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 54 pp. doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/00002
Measurement Type: discrete measurement discrete data discrete measurements bottle measurement bottle data bottle measurements
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